To Save C, We Must Save ABI

(thephd.dev)

41 points | by gurjeet 3 days ago

5 comments

  • usrnm 1 hour ago
    The famous C dilemma: we want to be as close to the machine as possible, but don't want to change anything when the machine changes
    • pjmlp 23 minutes ago
      Because contrary to urban myths, C is a normal high level language like everything else.

      The Assembly like abilities have been growing as language extensions in specific compilers, not as part of ISO C.

      Going back to K&R C, inline Assembly or intrisics were not even available, all of that required using the Assembler directly.

      • uecker 17 minutes ago
        Not every high-level language gives you byte-level access to the representation of memory objects.

        But it is also wrong to reduce a language to what is in the spec.

        • pjmlp 9 minutes ago
          Many do, contrary to what many C advocates talk about.

          Apparently reducing the language to what is in the spec is only a thing when talking about C and to some extent C++.

          When other languages have compiler specific extensions beyond the spec, it is a failure in their design.

          Yet when C and C++ devs have to reach out to compiler specific extensions, it is not a design failure like it is pointed out to others, rather an advantage.

          It is also wrong to not apply the same measure when it doesn't suit the message.

          • uecker 1 minute ago
            Lot of stawman arguments.
    • wren6991 10 minutes ago
      Except for the basic integer types. Change those as much as possible. Hell, CHAR_BIT=12 just to keep them on their toes.

      Personal pet theory: C is portable as in "you can retarget the compiler to any machine" moreso than "your code will run on any machine".

    • tonyhart7 49 minutes ago
      so what they gonna do ??
  • aw1621107 57 minutes ago
    Previous submissions with comments:

    - 2023-06-10, 64 points, 16 comments: (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36249253)

    - 2022-03-13, 175 points, 129 comments: (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30660528)

  • jdw64 1 hour ago
    But the industry ultimately runs on compatibility, so I get why they do it. But if compatibility breaks, wouldn't hardware vendors die out? If you look at PLC and other hardware manufacturers, they're not even using modern coding. They're still running on old code. They say it's 'safe and certified code,' but in reality, it's just legacy code.

    Because in hardware, programmers, aside from researchers, are often paid much less and work in worse conditions compared to their software counterparts. At a software company, code is the product itself. But in manufacturing, software is treated as a cost attached to machines worth billions of dollars. While equipment and sensors keep getting updated and more expensive, the people connecting everything are seen as a cost cutting target. So hardware programmers generally have good job security, but their salaries aren't high. In that situation, asking them to learn something new instead of sticking with the old ways usually gets resistance, because they're not being properly compensated for that learning

    • mschuster91 1 hour ago
      > In that situation, asking them to learn something new instead of sticking with the old ways usually gets resistance, because they're not being properly compensated for that learning

      And on top of that... these things are battle tested, often running machinery that isn't just worth millions of dollars but runs goods worth orders of magnitude more. Stuff breaking because some new shiny thing has been introduced... no one bats too much an eye when Reddit's UI is missing a widget here and there because someone pushed vibecoded garbage to prod again, but a car manufacturing line? A chemical plant that needs to operate 24/7 so that nothing solidifies in pipes, wrecking the entire facility to the point you need to fully dismantle it?

      When this kind of consequences are in the air, everyone is much much more conservative, because no one wants to be left holding that bag.

      • jdw64 1 hour ago
        Exactly. You're in the same industry as me. The moment you try to change something, if the production line stops, the losses are enormous—so everyone becomes conservative. That makes it even harder to change later... It's a really difficult problem
  • xyzsparetimexyz 1 hour ago
    Yeah, well, that didn't happen
  • codeflo 1 hour ago
    Thousands of words that boil down to "intmax_t isn't ABI-stable". Who knew? (Everybody.)
    • aw1621107 44 minutes ago
      I think that's somewhat overly reductive. A significant portion (maybe 1/3-1/2?) of the article is devoted to describing mechanisms by which an ABI could be evolved, including a new (?) mechanism implemented in the author's Clang fork and submitted to the C committee ([0] in the blog post, currently on revision 8 [1]). Sure, it isn't a perfect solution, but as the author says:

      > at least we’ll finally have the chance to have that discussion [about breaking ABI] with our communities, rather than just being outright denied the opportunity before Day 0.

      [0]: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2901.htm

      [1]: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3913.htm

      • uecker 18 minutes ago
        The mechanism actually does not solve the problem it claims to solve.
    • pjmlp 8 minutes ago
      Not really, because many don't even know there isn't such thing as C ABI, rather the OS ABI, when the OS happens to be written in C.